Mapulogalamu
▪ Sefa yaukhondo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza mapampu, zida ndi zida zina kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake yaying'ono, mphamvu zosefera zolimba, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono, kukonza bwino ndi etc.They amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakumwa, mankhwala, mkaka ndi zina.
Fyuluta yamtundu wa Y imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyeretsa madzi, makamaka pagawo la kusefera kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumafunikira kwambiri madzi.Iwo akhoza kuchotsa zinyalala, dongo, dzimbiri, inaimitsidwa nkhani, algae, zamera-matope, mankhwala dzimbiri, macromolecule mabakiteriya, organic nkhani ndi zina yaying'ono particles, etc.